1 The full results of the Costs Survey are reported in a separate volume, entitled Survey of Litigation Costs.
2 It should be recalled at all times that the analysis is based only on the costs of the winning party (ie, those submitted for taxation). The total costs of actions, ie, the combined costs of the winning and the losing party, would be substantially higher.
3 The median represents the point at which half the measurements fall above and half fall below. Median figures are given in addition to the arithmetic average for costs and duration, because the arithmetic average is strongly affected by extreme values. Thus average cost figures will be higher than median cost figures where there are cases with very high costs within the sample or case type.